Apuntes de Ciencia & Sociedad (ACS) es una publicación que se inició en el año 2008 como una revista multidisciplinaria; desde el 2017 se ha focalizado en la publicación de resultados de trabajos de investigación interdisciplinares en las diversas ciencias sociales y su interacción con las ciencias ambientales, de la salud y las organizaciones. ACS se difunde en español y bajo el enfoque del acceso abierto; su edición está a cargo de la Universidad Continental en Perú, está dirigida a profesionales y estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado universitario y a quienes toman decisiones en todo tipo de organizaciones sociales del contexto nacional e internacional. La revista aparece en formato electrónico con una periodicidad semestral. ISSN: 2225-5141 ISSN en línea: 2225-515X
Neuroplasticity as a predominant factor of mental health from physical activity
This essay addresses the issue of neuroplasticity at the level of its influence on people's mental health, particularly from physical activity, this component will influence the generation of various neural networks through not only neurogenesis but also from synaptogenesis, which will favorably influence people's mental health, having an effect similar to that of psychotherapy, since the generation of new neuronal connections will make it possible to reorganize and adapt the organization at the brain level, which makes it possible to address in a healthy and positive way, various situations that can damage our mental health by unblocking circuits or neural connections that are the cause of various negative thoughts which, as a result of time, become stronger and are harmful.
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Socioeconomic criteria for the monetary valuation of civil compensation in the Peruvian criminal process, 2022
The purpose is to identify the socioeconomic criteria for the monetary valuation of civil compensation in the Peruvian criminal process, 2022; At the same time, the outstanding socioeconomic criteria are described that will lead us to make a more objective monetary valuation, such as the roles that are fulfilled within the home, the economic income for family support and the family burden of the affected person. Civil compensation was approached from a legal perspective of social and economic connotation, since currently within our criminal legislation there are no defined socioeconomic criteria for the process of monetary valuation of civil compensation, since it is determined subjectively by the judge who handles the case, that is, the monetary amount of civil compensation awarded to the victim in one room, is very different from what can be awarded in another court room.
Promotion of the culture of legality in the formation of citizenship to prevent femicide in Peru
In the year 2021, 146 femicides have been registered and until August 2022 there are 75 femicides in Peru. The review is divided into three parts, in the first, some of the most outstanding processes that show the current situation of femicide are reviewed; in the second, key aspects of public institutions and research are described; in the third, summaries of interviews carried out by the media and responses from citizens are presented. Some of the most characteristic features of the promotion of the culture of legality and on femicide are exposed, aware that it is necessary to promote the benefit of the culture of legality for the prevention of femicide in accordance with the reality of the country and mention that they are the media and the institutions who must approach the citizenry to inform from a new and prospective perspective how to prevent femicide.
Determination of the Personal Ecological Footprint of Higher Education Students
The objective was to determine the Personal Ecological Footprint (HE) of higher education students expressed in global hectares (gha), and compare it with the EF of Peru, in order to promote actions aimed at the sustainable use of natural resources in the near future. The design was descriptive, cross-sectional, applying a questionnaire on a probabilistic sample of 383 students. The results obtained are that the personal HE has an average of 1,067 hag; for 33.42% of students a HE between 0.41-0.70 hag was determined, 27.15% have a HE between 0.7-1.00 hag, 17.49% have a HE between 1.01-1.30 hag, 7.83% have a HE between 1.31-1.60 hag, 4.44 % have a HE between 1.61-1.9 hag, 2.09% have a HE between 1.91-2.2 hag, and 7.45% have a HE greater than the HE of Peru established at 2.2 hag. To test the hypothesis, Gauss's z test was applied to a sample, obtaining a z-value = -5.0033, and a p-value = 2.818e-07 less than α=0.05, therefore, the Ho was rejected, and the Ha. In conclusion, the personal HE of Huancayo higher education students estimated at 1,067 ha, is significantly lower than the HE of Peru estimated at 2.2 ha in 2017 with a 95% confidence level.
The article highlights the meaning and spirit of the May 68 student movement and its contribution to women's rights and leadership, as well as its relationship with the feminist movement. It explains, first, the beginning and height of the student rebellion; second, the various influencing components; third, the meaning, the significance, the fighting spirit, the leadership, the impact on the population and the political class, and the international repercussion; and fourth, the contribution or impact on the rights, on the participation, protagonism and leadership of women, as well as on their relationship with the origin and evolution of the feminist movement in the world.
The crisis of the political parties in Mexico and its impact on democracy: Case of citizen candidacies
The study reviews representative democracy in Mexico, the crisis of parties, the impact of political parties and citizens, and addresses the origin of citizen candidacies based on three significant cases, the experiences developed, the obstacles in the recognition of political-electoral rights, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this reform for the Mexican political system in the face of the party crisis. It explains the three cases of citizen candidacies that had difficulties of recognition in the elections both at the presidential level and at the state and municipal levels. There are the cases of the presidential candidate Jorge Castañeda, of the candidate for the governorship of the State of Michoacán, Manuel Guillén Monzón, and of the candidate María Elizondo to the municipality of Santander Jiménez. Among the conclusions highlights the risk that these nominations can mean for the political system.
Vulnerability of elementary school students to Facebook use, parents and children's perspective
The objective was to analyse the vulnerability of primary school children for the use of Facebook from the perspective of parents and children. It was a quantitative, descriptive and prospective study, the sample consisted of 19 children and their respective parents or guardians in a private school in the city of Huancayo, for data collection we worked in two phases, the first was interviewed underage and the second was interviewed their parents. The results were that parents reported having internet at home 68.4%, that their children had a Facebook account 57.9%, and that they monitored the use of the internet 68.4%, 52.6% of parents agreed that the use of Facebook does not represent a current threat to their children. It is concluded that children are vulnerable to the use of Facebook mainly due to the lack of knowledge of parents regarding the activities of their children and on the other hand, children consider that they know about the dangers of using social networks, although their attitudes show the opposite.
Sexist discourse in articles published in indexed journals from universities in the Junín region, Peru
The use of a language that makes men or women invisible as social subjects leads to the permanence and naturalization of prejudices. Thus, this research sought to focus on sexism from different perspectives and reflect on the permanence of sexist discourse in various popular science publications. For this, a qualitative research approach was chosen and the use of the dialectical hermeneutic method. Likewise, content analysis sheets were designed for the empirical evidence of the subject investigated. Thus, it was verified that the androcentric wording persists hegemonically and the generic use of the masculine continues to be preferred. Therefore, reflection is necessary to make visible the presence of women in academic work. Finally, an Orientation Guide was proposed for the use of non-sexist language in academic writing and thus educate in the use of language in favor of equality between women and men.
Health Journalism in Peru From the News Coverage of the Trome Newspaper During the Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic
The article highlights the importance of health journalism and the need for continued development to become more appropriate, rigorous, and effective in covering and addressing major and complex events that compromise national and global public health, such as pandemics. It also explains the main pandemics that shook Peru and the world and the reporting behavior adopted by national newspapers in response to these events. Finally, it analyzes the coverage and treatment of the H1N1 influenza pandemic, the first major epidemic of the 21st century, by the newspaper Trome.
Satisfaction in the Dining Room of the Adolfo Guevara Velasco National Hospital, Cusco - Perú
The quality of food service in hospitals is a key factor in user satisfaction, both for medical staff and patients. Food service in healthcare facilities parallels the development of hospitals. The objective of this study was to identify the level of satisfaction in the HNAGV dining hall. The study was basic, descriptive in scope, and cross-sectional in design. The population consisted of healthcare personnel who benefit from eating in the dining hall. The sample consisted of 120 diners. It was found that 76.7% of diners were satisfied with the service provided in the dining hall, 83.3% were satisfied with the furniture, 83.3% were satisfied with the punctuality, 81.6% were satisfied with the security, 51.7% were satisfied with the menu variety, and 36.7% were satisfied with the flavor. It is concluded that the care in the hospital cafeteria is acceptable.
Stigmatization and Perceived Social Support in Adult Patients with Tuberculosis at a Health Center in the District of Ate, 2026
The objective was to determine the relationship between stigmatization and perceived social support in adult tuberculosis patients at a health center in the Ate district. This was a basic research study with a quantitative approach and a non-experimental, correlational design. The sample consisted of 84 male and female patients diagnosed with tuberculosis who attend the health institution's program. The Van Rie Tuberculosis Stigma Scale (2008) was used as the instrument, and the Perceived Social Support Scale (Zimet et al., 1988) was used for the other variable. The results show a p-value of 0.122, greater than 0.05, indicating no relationship between stigmatization and perceived social support in adult tuberculosis patients. It is concluded that the presence of stigmatization in individuals is not linked to the social support received by tuberculosis patients.
Application of a Competency-based Model on Traffic Rules and Road Safety to Improve the Quality of Academic Training in a Higher Technological Institution
The objective was to determine the level of relationship between the application of a competency-based model on traffic rules and road safety and the level of academic training in students of Automotive Mechanics of the Public Technological Institute María Rosario Araoz Pinto. Quantitative study, hypothetical-deductive methodology and a non-experimental design, descriptive and correlational cross-sectional. The results obtained from the correlation between the variables indicate a bilateral significance index of 0.000 which is lower than the level of 0.05 expected for this analysis, it is determined that there is a significant relationship between competencies on traffic rules and road safety, to improve the quality of academic training in 2011. It is concluded a statistically significant linear relationship very high of 97% and directly proportional between competencies on traffic rules and road safety, and academic training (rs = 0.970, p < 0.05)
Toward Fair Artificial Intelligence: Algorithmic Equity and Decolonial Reparation in Social Resource Allocation
This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the equity of social resource allocation in contexts of structural inequality in Latin America and Europe. To this end, a comparative analysis of three flagship programs (SISBEN in Colombia, Progresa in Mexico, and the Minimum Living Income in Spain) was conducted using a modified Delphi method with the participation of 15 experts. The study identified significant systemic biases, such as geographic exclusion, ethnic discrimination, the gender gap, and age bias. In addition, there was a total absence of ex ante ethical audits in the algorithms evaluated. Participatory approaches were found to be more effective in mitigating biases than technical interventions. This article proposes the DELPHI Ethical Protocol, based on community co-participation, binding audits, multilingual transparency, and a remediation fund financed by a tax on AI developers. It concludes that regulatory frameworks must include decolonial clauses to ensure social justice in algorithmic governance.
Teaching Strategies to Improve the Production of Narrative Texts in a Public Educational Institution in Lima
The objective was to propose teaching strategies to improve narrative text production in elementary school students at a public educational institution in Metropolitan Lima, based on the difficulties identified in a prior diagnostic assessment of the current situation. The study was grounded in the socio-critical paradigm, with a mixed-methods approach and an applied educational design. The sample included 31 students, 31 teachers, and 2 specialists. A checklist was administered to the students; a questionnaire and interview guide to the teachers; and an interview guide to the specialists. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, and qualitative data using ATLAS.ti. The diagnostic assessment revealed that a high percentage of students lack effective text planning strategies, exhibit difficulties in text production, and demonstrate limited revision skills and a lack of precision in the correction process. Based on this, strategies were proposed for planning written texts, the "Constructing Texts Successfully" strategy, strategies to strengthen revision and correction, and strategies to improve text production through collaborative work. In conclusion, the proposal responds to specific classroom needs and contributes to a didactic approach to strengthen the production of narrative texts in elementary school students.
Collaborative Learning and Technological Tools in Students of a Public University in Lima
The objective was to establish the connection between collaborative learning and technological tools among students at a public university in Lima. This was a quantitative, non-experimental, numerical, correlational, pure, and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 92 students from the School of Industrial Engineering. Two questionnaires were implemented, corroborated by Aiken's V coefficient (0.97 and 0.98) and with high reliability according to Cronbach's alpha (0.939 and 0.946). Data were processed using SPSS version 27, employing Spearman's rho coefficient (rs) to analyze the relationship between the variables. A high and significant correlation was found between collaborative learning and technological tools (rs = 0.858; p =0.000 < 0.05). At a specific level, significant relationships were observed with videoconferencing (rs = 0.756), Microsoft Teams (rs = 0.764), social networks (rs = 0.843), and educational forums (rs = 0.775). For each variable, the majority showed high percentages of perceived value, highlighting the use of technological resources to enhance collaborative learning. The study concludes that this demonstrates a valuable relationship between collaborative learning and technological tools, confirming that digital technologies contribute to cooperative educational progress.
The Role of Tutoring in Online Education to Enhance Teaching Effectiveness
Online education has evolved significantly over the past decade, gaining greater relevance following the changes brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. This modality has proven to be a viable alternative for teaching; however, it also presents multiple challenges in terms of dropout rates, learning acquisition, and the lack of pedagogical support. In this context, the tutorial function emerges as a key component to ensure the effectiveness of online education by offering personalized guidance that fosters autonomy, retention, and meaningful learning. Recent research highlights that teacher accompaniment directly impacts improved academic performance, the development of metacognitive skills, and the reduction of school dropout rates. The role of the tutor in virtual environments has shifted from being a mere technical facilitator to becoming a mediating agent in the educational process, addressing both academic and socio-emotional aspects, particularly for students from vulnerable backgrounds.
Academic Self-concept and Subjective Well-being in Graduate Students at a Public University in Lima
The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between academic self-concept and the level of subjective well-being in graduate students at a public university in Lima. This study used a quantitative, descriptive approach, hypothetical-deductive method, and a non-experimental, cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 92 participants in the virtual Master's program in University Teaching. Two scales were used for data collection: the Self-Concept Form 5 (AF5) by García and Musitu (2014) and the Subjective Well-being Scale by Calleja and Mason (2020). The results showed a positive and significant correlation between academic self-concept and subjective well-being at a general level and in its dimensions. It concludes that graduate students at the public university studied report a medium level of academic self-concept and subjective well-being, with a tendency towards high levels in both variables.
Bullying Roles and Emotional Intelligence in High School Students in the District of Independencia, Lima
The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the roles of bullying and emotional intelligence in first and second grade secondary school students at the José Gabriel Condorcanqui Educational Institution in the district of Independencia, Lima. This study was descriptive-correlational in nature, with a non-experimental cross-sectional-correlational design. The sample consisted of 108 first and second grade secondary school students at the educational institution. A survey technique was applied, the instruments of which were validated through expert judgment. According to the results, it was found, according to the test of independence (chi-square: *p=0.000 < .001), that the relationship is significant, so the relationship between emotional intelligence and victims of bullying in first and second grade secondary school students at the aforementioned institution is accepted. It concludes that the general hypothesis, subjected to statistical testing, shows a significant relationship between the roles of bullying and emotional intelligence, with a low negative correlation.
Data-Related Professional Profiles: Insights from LinkedIn Job Listings in Colombia
This research analyzes the knowledge and skills required for the main roles related to data analysis in Colombia, based on a study of job offers posted on the LinkedIn social network. The analysis characterizes the labor market demands associated with profiles such as data scientist, data analyst, business intelligence analyst, data engineer, and data architect, through content analysis applied to a corpus of 307 job offers published between August and October 2024. The results show a high demand for professionals with solid technical skills in data management, processing, and analysis, as well as the growing importance of communication and collaborative work skills as key elements for organizational performance.
Burnout Syndrome According to Psychosocial Risks and Sociodemographic Variables in Workers of a Mining Unit in Moquegua,2024
The aim of this study was to describe the level of burnout syndrome and analyze its distribution according to sociodemographic variables among workers in a mining unit in Moquegua during 2024. A basic research design was employed, with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, and cross-sectional scope. The sample was census-based and included all 65 workers. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was administered through a digital survey, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test. The results showed that 67.7% of participants presented a moderate level of burnout and 32.3% a high level, with no cases at the low level. Regarding dimensions, emotional exhaustion was entirely at a low level (100%), while a moderate level predominated in depersonalization (63.1%) and personal accomplishment (66.7%). Only employment status showed a significant association with burnout (p = 0.022), with higher levels observed among contracted workers. It is concluded that burnout is present across the entire evaluated population, predominantly at a moderate level, with a relevant proportion at a high level, highlighting the influence of organizational conditions on the psychological well-being of mining personnel.
Conflictos Armados y Crisis Ambiental en Medio Oriente: Una Amenaza Para los Recursos Naturales Globales
La escalada del conflicto militar entre Estados Unidos, Israel e Irán ha generado una creciente preocupación internacional debido a sus impactos ambientales y sobre los recursos naturales estratégicos de la región. A diferencia de conflictos tradicionales, esta guerra se ha caracterizado por ataques directos a infraestructuras energéticas, instalaciones petroleras, centros nucleares y depósitos de combustible, lo que provoca daños ambientales de gran magnitud. Diversos organismos internacionales han advertido que el medio ambiente se está convirtiendo en una de las principales víctimas de esta guerra, debido a los impactos negativos sobre los recursos naturales, incluyendo el aire, el agua, el suelo, los ecosistemas, la energía y el clima (United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP], 2026). El Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente ha señalado que los ataques a infraestructuras petroleras y energéticas en Medio Oriente están generando humo tóxico, contaminación química y riesgos a largo plazo para la salud humana y los ecosistemas (UNEP, 2026). La guerra entre Estados Unidos - Israel e Irán ha incluido bombardeos a instalaciones petroleras, depósitos de combustible, refinerías, bases militares y centros nucleares. Los ataques han afectado directamente infraestructuras energéticas donde varios depósitos de petróleo y combustible fueron destruidos. Informes recientes indican que instalaciones petroleras y centros de transferencia de crudo fueron atacados, provocando grandes incendios y columnas de humo (Al Jazeera, 2026). Organizaciones internacionales han advertido que los ataques a infraestructuras energéticas pueden provocar incendios incontrolables, contaminación ambiental y daños duraderos en los ecosistemas, afectando a millones de personas (Amnesty International, 2026). Este tipo de guerra moderna muestra una tendencia clara: el uso de los recursos energéticos como objetivos militares, lo que genera consecuencias ambientales de gran escala (Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). Uno de los efectos más graves de la guerra es el daño a la infraestructura petrolera. El bombardeo de depósitos de petróleo en Irán y otros países vecinos provoca incendios prolongados que liberan sustancias tóxicas como benceno, compuestos de azufre y partículas contaminantes (EnviroLink Network, 2026; The Guardian, 2026). Los incendios en depósitos de combustible pueden durar semanas o meses, liberando grandes cantidades de gases contaminantes y afectando el aire, el suelo y el agua (EnviroLink Network, 2026). Algunos de los efectos de los incendios son: emisión de grandes cantidades de humo tóxico y partículas contaminantes; liberación de compuestos químicos peligrosos (benceno, azufre, hidrocarburos); contaminación potencial de acuíferos y suelos cercanos; y riesgo de lluvia ácida en zonas urbanas (UNEP, 2026). Además, el humo de los incendios petroleros es inhalado directamente por la población, lo que aumenta el riesgo de enfermedades respiratorias y contaminación ambiental a largo plazo (The Guardian, 2026). La destrucción de la infraestructura energética también afecta la economía, el suministro de energía y la estabilidad del mercado petrolero mundial (Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). La contaminación atmosférica es uno de los efectos más visibles de la guerra. Las explosiones, incendios petroleros y bombardeos liberan grandes cantidades de gases de efecto invernadero y partículas tóxicas (UNEP, 2026). Los incendios en depósitos de petróleo generan nubes negras de humo que cubren la ciudad y afectan la calidad del aire, exponiendo a millones de personas a contaminantes peligrosos (Al Jazeera, 2026). Los principales contaminantes identificados incluyen dióxido de azufre, óxidos de nitrógeno, partículas finas PM2.5, hidrocarburos aromáticos y metales pesados (EnviroLink Network, 2026). Estos contaminantes pueden provocar enfermedades respiratorias, problemas cardiovasculares, contaminación del suelo, daños en cultivos y aumento de emisiones de carbono (The Guardian, 2026). Expertos advierten que la quema de petróleo y combustibles puede generar efectos climáticos regionales, aumentando las emisiones de carbono y contribuyendo al cambio climático global (Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). Los ataques a depósitos de combustible y refinerías generan filtraciones de petróleo y productos químicos que pueden contaminar los recursos hídricos y el suelo. El combustible derramado puede infiltrarse en acuíferos, ríos, suelos agrícolas y sistemas de agua potable, lo que representa un riesgo grave para la seguridad alimentaria y la salud pública (UNEP, 2026). Estudios señalan que los incendios petroleros pueden provocar contaminación del agua subterránea y daños ecológicos a largo plazo, afectando ecosistemas enteros durante décadas (EnviroLink Network, 2026). Además, la lluvia contaminada por humo y partículas puede transportar sustancias tóxicas hacia los campos agrícolas, afectando la producción de alimentos (The Guardian, 2026). La guerra también afecta los ecosistemas naturales de la región del Golfo. Los incendios, explosiones y contaminación química dañan la fauna, la flora y los hábitats naturales (Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). Los principales efectos incluyen destrucción de hábitats naturales, contaminación de áreas protegidas, pérdida de biodiversidad, migración de especies y daños en ecosistemas marinos (UNEP, 2026). Investigaciones ambientales indican que los ataques a instalaciones militares y energéticas pueden liberar metales pesados, combustibles y sustancias químicas que afectan la biodiversidad durante décadas (Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). La contaminación ambiental puede extenderse a otros países a través del aire y el agua, convirtiendo el problema en un riesgo regional (UNEP, 2026). Los efectos ambientales de la guerra entre Estados Unidos - Israel e Irán no terminarán con el fin del conflicto. Entre las principales consecuencias a largo plazo se encuentran la contaminación permanente del suelo, la destrucción de infraestructura energética, el aumento de emisiones de carbono, la crisis de agua potable, la pérdida de biodiversidad y los costos elevados de restauración ambiental (UNEP, 2026; Conflict and Environment Observatory, 2025). El Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente advierte que los incendios petroleros, los ataques a infraestructuras y la contaminación química pueden tener impactos ambientales que duren décadas, afectando la salud de las futuras generaciones (UNEP, 2026). La reconstrucción ambiental requerirá cooperación internacional, inversión económica y monitoreo científico continuo (Amnesty International, 2026).
Youth, Democracy, and Participation: How do they Come Together in the Southern Suburbs?
Based on the collection and analysis of recent research and data, this article aims to investigate the degree and forms of political participation, as well as the perception of democracy, among Argentine youth and those in the Buenos Aires metropolitan area during and after the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2024). This approach pays special attention to the gender gap. This issue takes on greater relevance in a context in which the decline in economic indicators and the temporary restriction of civil liberties by governments, both resulting from the health emergency, negatively impacted the population and, even more so, children, adolescents, and young people. The study highlights the new and old forms that young people in vulnerable areas of Argentina began to employ, and continued to do so, during and after the lockdown, as well as their level of support for or rejection of the democratic regime, which is a central actor in the present and future of our states.
Affective Memories and Popular Appropriation of Picaflor de los Andes
This article examines how affective memories constructed by individuals claiming to have known Picaflor de los Andes contribute to the proliferation of fragmented versions of his life, generating a symbolic appropriation that strengthens his presence in the Andean popular imaginary. Using a qualitative and interpretive approach, in-depth interviews were conducted in various Andean locales, complemented by analysis of oral narratives and materials from social media. The results show that, although the memories are dispersed and not always verifiable, they contribute to the construction of a mythical figure of Picaflor, emotionally rooted in the community. The research concludes that these individual memories, though unsystematized, are crucial for keeping the artist's figure alive in the collective Andean imagination, functioning as an emotional and symbolic anchor that transcends official history.
Transformational Leadership and Sustainable Innovation: Evidence from the Peruvian Textile Sector
This review article examines the influence of transformational leadership, internal and external support in driving organizational innovation, with a focus on micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the Emporio Comercial de Gamarra in Lima, Peru. In a context marked by global competition and uncertainty, transformational leadership emerges as a strategic tool that motivates, inspires, and nurtures the creative potential of work teams, fostering a culture oriented toward change and continuous improvement. Sustainable innovation depends not only on leadership but also on an organizational environment that encourages participation, trust, and psychological safety, as well as on connections with external actors who provide complementary knowledge and resources. Despite facing structural limitations and pressure from imported products, Gamarra's MSEs have demonstrated resilience and adaptability. The article concludes that strengthening the innovation ecosystem requires coherent public policies, visionary leaders, and collaborative strategies that enhance the competitiveness of the national textile sector.
The Decline of Economics Programs in Bogotá: A Perspective from Dropout Rates and Educational Policies, 2000–2015
The research addressed the decline of Economics programs between 2000 and 2015, focusing on student dropout rates and educational policies. A qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic-critical approach was applied, using semi-structured interviews with deans of Economics programs and economic analysts, as well as surveys administered to one hundred students from both public and private universities, whether accredited or not. The instruments were designed and validated based on categories such as dropout, educational policies, Economics programs, and the teaching of the discipline. The findings revealed multiple factors explaining the dropout phenomenon: inequalities within the economic system, an inflexible curricular structure, excessively mathematized instruction, and the lack of institutional policies promoting student retention. Additionally, the study identified a breakdown in the epistemological profile of the contemporary economist, which undermines the relevance and appeal of these programs. The research concludes that these elements significantly contribute to the deterioration of Economics programs in Bogotá, impacting the country's social and intellectual capital. This situation calls for a critical reassessment of educational policies and the training model for economists in today’s context.
This article explains the evolution, questioning, and imposition of journalistic language as a new language emerging in the history of communication, born from newspapers. It also examines the theoretical view of journalistic language, style, and journalistic style from various perspectives. It then analyzes and highlights how journalistic style manifests itself in print, radio, and television media, but essentially in digital media, which, as new media, need to continue growing technically and construct their own discourse, narrative, language, and style.
The role of Artificial Intelligence in Optimizing Adaptive Learning
This review article examines the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing adaptive learning for students, an approach that uses sophisticated algorithms to personalize education based on learning needs and styles. It presents the theoretical and technological foundations of adaptive learning, its development, and unique features. It details how artificial intelligence (AI) in adaptive learning is integrated to actively adjust content and methodologies. It examines the advantages of AI in adaptive learning, which include individualization of learning, feedback, automation of teaching tasks, and promotion of inclusion. It also analyzes the advantages of AI in adaptive learning, where it merges emerging technologies to transform traditional pedagogical models toward inclusive, participatory, and efficient education. AI-powered platforms that improve academic performance and motivation are also highlighted. This article provides a comprehensive overview to guide the implementation and development of intelligent education systems.
The Importance of Online Tutoring to Ensure Meaningful Learning and Prevent School Dropouts
Online education has experienced rapid growth, especially in disruptive contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need to strengthen student support mechanisms. In this context, online tutoring emerges as a key pillar in preventing school dropout by providing personalized guidance that fosters motivation, engagement, and a sense of belonging. Recent studies indicate that the active presence of a tutor significantly reduces dropout rates by offering academic guidance, emotional support, and assistance with technology use. Additionally, critical factors that impact student retention have been identified, including personal, socioeconomic, and connectivity-related challenges. Therefore, institutions must commit to the comprehensive training of tutors, integrating digital pedagogy and emotional intelligence. Online tutoring not only enhances the educational experience but also promotes the development of essential skills such as self-management and critical thinking.
The Virtual Education on the Achievement of Competencies on Industrial Engineering Students
The objective of this research was to determine the influence of virtual education on the achievement of competencies of Industrial Engineering students at a private university in Lima. The focus used was quantitative, explanatory level and longitudinal type. Two study groups were taken, one of them received the sessions in face-to-face mode and the other in virtual. The study design was quasi-experimental and the data were collected using a questionnaire as an instrument with dichotomous responses, the sample consisted of 104 students who took the courses in Ergonomics and Work Study and Maintenance Management. The Kolmogorov Smirnov test determined that the data do not follow a normal distribution (p < 0.001), consequently the McNemar test was applied. The result of the general hypothesis determined that virtual education influenced the achievement of competencies of undergraduate students at a private university (p < 0.012) and it was concluded that this influence was negative, since after having received the sessions in virtual mode, the proportion of students who achieved the competencies decreased.
Social Networks and Academic Performance of Pre-University Students
The use of social media is part of our daily routines, enabling dynamism, communication, and a host of services that attract the attention of all types of people. The objective was to analyze the relationship between social media use and the academic performance of pre-university students. The study was basic, non-experimental, correlational. The population consisted of 475 pre-university students and the sample of 362 students. The technique was a survey, and the instrument was two questionnaires. It was found that students spend a considerable amount of time using social media. Regarding academic performance, 4.4% of students with an excellent level, 18.2% with a good level, 42.5% with a fair level, and 34.8% with a poor level. In conclusion, the level of social media use significantly influences students' academic performance. Similarly, the level of social media use among students is predominantly high, at 57.5%.